Global Positioning System is a satellite-based navigation system that makes use of radio signals to locate a particular location. If you ask gamers, they will certainly know the importance of a video card. The video card allows the computer to convey video or graphical messages to the user with improved clarity. But, for enhancing the quality of graphics, this external peripheral device can be used. Most computers have built-in video display ability. Yet another example of visual output devices is a video card. However, modern projectors employ laser beams to generate pictures. A projector is a visual device that makes use of a technique under which light is flashed through a lens and enlarged impressions are created on the screen. The projector, as the name suggests, projects the data on a big surface or screen. It provides a user-friendly interface to access the information from the computer. It is also known as the visual display unit. It takes the electronic signal from the processor and displays it on the screen. The monitor is an example of a visual output device. For example, headphones, speakers, sound card, etc. The hardware equipment used to get the information from the computer in audio formats is called sound output device. For example, printer, braille reader, plotter, etc. The devices that provide a printed hard copy of the electronic data processed by the computer are called print output devices. Such type of output is generally textual by nature. The result of data output devices is readable and understandable by the user, but it can not be accessed otherwise. For example, a monitor, a projector, a video card, etc. Visual Output DevicesĪs the name suggests, if the user is able to see the result, or the output obtained is a picture or a video on the screen, then the device is said to be a visual output device.
Output devices may be broadly classified into 4 categories: 1. On the basis of these, different types of output devices are obtained. This approach can be used to assess electrical and thermal yields of PVT systems and select a suitable collector technology for a given application.A hardware device is capable of building a visible, audible, interpretable or physically accessible result. A novel approach puts these temperatures into the focus and introduces the characteristic temperature Tchar as new indicator with a strong correlation to both electrical and thermal yields. The variations between the investigated systems can be attributed to the governing operating temperatures of the PVT collector which are found to be of central relevance. These collectors achieve up to three times the electrical output compared to a side-by-side installation of flat plate collectors and PV modules with equal thermal output. Thermally optimized glazed PVT collectors with low-emissivity coatings achieve the highest overall yields and the best energetic utilization of the collector area. This compromise originates from the technological trade-off between a good optical efficiency versus a high level of insulation. For this purpose, an empirical PVT performance model is presented, validated and implemented into TRNSYS.Īnalyzing the simulation results, the assessed PVT collector technologies reach either high electrical or high thermal yields. The yields of these PVT technologies are assessed in four types of solar thermal systems including domestic hot water systems and combi systems in single and multi-family homes at four European locations. This paper provides a systematic comparison of the performance of unglazed, glazed, and PVT collectors with low-emissivity coatings. The annual electrical and thermal yields depend in particular on the efficiency of the PVT collector technology, climate, and the type of solar thermal system. Photovoltaic-thermal PVT collectors generate solar electricity and heat in a single component.
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